Oil or gas engine



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

" W.-F. TROTTER.

(No Model.)

OIL 0R GAS ENGINE.

Patented Ma 3,1898.

(No Model.) 1 v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. F. TROTTER. OIL 0R GAS ENGINE. NQ. 603,297. Patented May 3,1898.

UNITED STATES- PATENT Erica.

WALTER F. TROTTER, on MARSHALLTOWN, IOWA.

on. OR GAS ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 603,297, dated May 3,1898. Application filed September 13, 1895. Serial No. 562,422. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may corwern:

Be it known that I, WALTER F. TROTTER, a citizen of the United States,residing'at Marshalltown, in the. county of Marshall and State of Iowa,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Oil or GasEngines, (Case No. 1,)of which the following is a full, clear,

concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to an oil or gas engine, and more particularly toan engine of that class in which the explosion is caused by acompression of the explosive gas or vapor to a critical pressure-thatis, a pressure at which explosion takes place. Some features of myinvention, however, are applicable to gas-engines of that type in whichthe explosion is caused by ignition.

' I will describe my invention more in particular by reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a plan view, partially insection, showing a specific form of engine embodying my invention. Fig.2 is a view illustrating the exhaust-valve, the eccentric for operatingthe same, and the governor for changing the throw of the eccentric. Fig.3 is a view of the pump, the eccentric for operating the same, and thegovernor for changing the throw of the eccentric. Fig. 4 is a diagramillustrating the relation between the movement of the crank and theeccentric operating the pump.

Like letters refer eral figures.

Two cylinders a b are provided, within which move pistons a b, thepiston-rods a to like parts in the sev- 12 being connected withcross-heads a b while connecting-rods a b connect the crossheads withthe cranks 00 12 respectively, the

cranks being set at one hundred and eighty degrees apart. Upon the mainshaft 0 of the engine is provided the usual fiy-wheelc, the shaft beingjournaled in bearings 0 0 Upon the ends of the cylinders a'andb areprovided the mixing-chambers a b respectively, the mixing chamberscommunicating with the cylinders. The mixing-chamber a is connected by apipe 0. with the end of cylinder b, a valve 19 being provided whichpermits flow from the cylinder b to the pipe a while checking a backwardflow. Likewise the mixing-chamber b is connected by pipe 19 with thecylinder a, a check-valve a being provided which'permits flow from thecylinder onto the pipe 19 while checking the flow in the oppositedirection. Inlet-valves a b are provided in connection with thecylinders a and b, respectively, for permitting the entrance of air whenthe pistons are moving toward the left. Exhaust-ports d d are providedin connection with the cylinder a, and likewise exhaust-ports e e areprovided in connection with the cylinder 19, a valve f being providedfor opening and closing the exhaust-ports. The valve is connected with aconnecting-rod f which is mounted at its end upon the strap 9 of theeccentric g, the eccentric 9 being mounted upon the shaft 0 and adaptedto reciprocate the valve f. Upon the shaft 0 is also provided aneccentric h, the strap h of which is connected with connecting-rod kwhich operates the movable element of the pump k. One end of the pump7r; is connected by means of a pipe Zwith the mixing-chamber a, whilethe opposite end is connected by pipe Z with the mixing-chamber b As themovable element of the pump it is moved in opposite directions by theeccentric h, oil is forced first into one of the mixingchambers and theninto the other.

With the parts in the position illustrated in Fig. 1 an explosion takesplace within the mixing-chamber I)", thus driving the piston b forward.This movement moves the piston a. backward and expels, through theexhaustport d,the gases which were exploded upon the previous forwardstroke of the piston a, the valve f moving to the left and bringing theport f opposite the port d to thus permit the escape of the gases. Theair within the cylinder 19 and in front of the piston b is forcedthrough the valve 6 and pipe a into the cylinder, thus assisting thepiston in expelling the exploded gases. At a definite point in thebackward stroke of the piston a the exhaust-port dis closed, and furthermovement of the piston a serves to compress the explosive product withinthe mixing-chamber, and when the piston has reached the end of itsstroke the critical pressure is such that explosion takes place (or theigniter is actuated) and the piston a moves forward on its workingstroke, thus moving the piston I) backward and drawing air into thecylinder 1) through the valve Z)". Air is forced from the cylinder (1,through the valve a and pipe b into the cylinder 1), and oil-vapor is atthe same time forced into the mixing-chamber by pump 70, and when thepiston Z) reaches the forward end of its stroke an explosion takesplace.

The movement of the exhaust-valve is best illustrated in Fig. 2. Theeccentric g carries a slot g whereby the throw of the eccentric may beincreased, the eccentric beiu g pivoted at g to the disk m, mounted uponthe shaft 0. Upon the disk m is also pivoted at o a bellcrank o,carrying upon its end a ball 0 the opposite end of the bell-crank beingconnected by a link 0 to the arm 0, which is mounted upon the eccentricg. Vhen the load on the engine decreases and the speed increases, theball 0 is thrown outward toward the position indicated by dotted linesagainst the tension of the spring 0 thus rocking the eccentric g uponits pivot g and increasing the throw of the eccentric. In the normalposition of the eccentric the travel of the center of the eccentric isindicated by the dotted line M, the exhaust-valve beginning to open theport at the point H and to close at the point M that is, when the centerof the eccentric is at the point M the portf is just beginning to openthe port d, and when the center of the eccentric reaches the point M theport (Z is completely opened. \Vhen the center of the eccentric reachesthe point M the port dis closed again. \Vhile the center of theeccentric is traveling from the point M to the point M both ports cl andc are closed, but at the point M the port f begins to open the port c,and at the point M the porteis completely opened. The valve fthen beginsits backward travel and at the point M the port 6 is closed, both portsremaining closed until the center of the eccentric reaches the point Magain. During the travel of the valve f under these conditions the ports(1 and c are never opened, but when the load of the engine is decreasedand the governorball g moves, for instance, into the position indicatedin dotted lines the throw of the eccentric is increased, the center ofthe cocentric now moving in the circle 0. The port f begins to open theport (Z at the point 0', and as the valve continues to move the port 61is first completely opened, after which the port f begins to open theport 61, and at the point 0 the port d is completely opened. The ports(1 and d are then successively closed, and at the point 0 the port (Z iscompletely closed. At the point 0' the port f begins to open the port 6,the port 6 being completely opened, after which the port f opens theport 6, the port 6 being completely opened at the point 0 The ports aand e are then successively closed, and at the point 0 the port 0 isagain closed.

In Fig. 3 is illustrated the pump which I preferably employ, the pumpcomprising a chamber 1), communicating with the oil-reservoir. Into oneend of the chamber extends the pump-barrel p, communicating withmixing-chamber a. Into the other end of the chamber extends thepump-barrel 0", communicating with the mixing-chamber Z)". In thepump-barrel 1) moves the plunger 11 while in the pump-barrel 1' movesthe plunger T the plungers p and 1' being formed from a rod whichcarries at intermediate positions the disks p and r". Slidinglongitudinally upon the exterior of the barrels p and r is a sleeve 8,connected with the connecting-rod 72. In the barrel 1) is provided aport 19 while in the barrel 7' is provided the port r for the admissionof the oil, the end of the sleeve 8 serving in its movement to open andclose the port 1), while a port 0' is provided in the opposite end ofthe sleeve for opening the port 7". Upon the interior of the sleeve 8are provided projections s s, whiehin their movement engage the disks pand r to move the plungers longitudinally. As the sleeve 5' moves to theleft the port 2)" is closed, after which the projections s s engage thedisk 1/ and move the plunger 19 to the left, thus forcing the oil fromthe barrel p into the mixingchamber connected therewith. As the sleeve 5moves in the opposite direction the plungers remain at rest for a perioduntil the projections 8' engage the disk 0, when the plunger 0' is movedwithin its barrel to force oil into the mixing-chamber connectedtherewith, the sleeve 8 having closed the port *1 before beginning tomove the plunger T The eccentric h is provided with a slot 7L3 wherebythe eccentric may be moved to decrease the throw, the eccentric beingpivoted at 7L and carrying an arm it", connected by a link 7L with theend of the bell-crank 7L7, which is pivoted to the disk m, a spring 77.8being provided for opposing the movement of the bell-crank. lVhen thespeed increases, the bell-crank is moved toward the dotted position todecrease the throw of the eccentric,and thus to decrease the quantity ofoil pumped into the mixingchambers.

I preferably connect the pump so that it begins to pump oil when thepiston has moved through one-fourth of its travel and ceases pumpingwhen the piston is one-fourth of the distance from the end of itstravel. Referring to Fig. 4, the circle upon the right indicates thepath of the crank-pin, and while the crank-pin is traveling between thepoints 13 and O and the points E and F the pumps are in operation. Thetravel of the center of the eccentric is indicated by the circle uponthe left, and while the crank is traveling from A to B the center of theeccentric travels from A to B. lVhile the crank travels from B to O theeccentric center travels from B to C and moves the pump-plunger to pumpoil. lVhile the crank is traveling from O to D and from D to E theeccentric travels from O to E,and during this time no oil is beingpumped.

While the crank is traveling from E to F the eccentric travels from E toF, and thus pumps oil, and during the travel from F to A the eccentriccenter travels from F to A and no oil is pumped. The stroke of theplunger p -of the pump should correspond to the distance 0 B of Fig. 4,while the distance through which the projections s .9 move withoutengaging the disks p and r should correspond to the distance Q E of Fig.4:.

Instead of depending upon compression for causing explosion an ignitermay be placed in each of the mixing-chambers, asindicated in dottedlines.

The present application is to be considered subsidiary to the claims ofLetters Patent No. 575,661,- granted to me January 19, 1897.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

1. Ina gas or oil engine, the combination with two cylinders of a mixingor explosion chamber for each cylinder communicating with one endthereof by a constricted passage, an inlet-valve at the opposite orairfeeding end of each cylinder, a pipe or duct extending from theair-feeding end of each cylinder to the other cylinder and opening intothe cylinder at the end which communicates with the mixing-chamber,means for maintaining said ducts open during the return stroke of thepiston in the cylinder to which the air is fed, and closed during theforward stroke, a fuel-inlet for each of said mixing-chambers forsupplying fuel directly thereto, an exhaust-port in each of saidcylinders situated at an intermediate portion of the cylinder wherebythe admitted air and the returning piston coact in ejecting the explodedgases from the cylinder, and means for closing the exhaust-port at apredetermined point in the return stroke, whereby air is drawn into theair-feeding end of each cylinder on the return stroke and on the forwardstroke the air assists the working piston of the other cylinder indriving out the burned gases duringpart of thestroke and during theremainder of the stroke the pistons of both cylinders act in forcingfresh airinto 'the' combustion chamber of the cylinder the othercylinder, each of said cylinders being provided with two exhaust-ports,of means for opening one or both of said exhaust-ports according as theload on the en gine is great or small; substantially as described.

4. In a gas or oil engine, the combination with two cylinders of twopumps, one provided in connection with each of said cylinders forfeeding oil or other fuel thereto, the plungers of said pumps beingarranged to alternately perform their working strokes, aneccentric foroperating both of said pumps and a governor for varying the throw ofsaid eccentric, substantially as described.

5. In a gas or vapor engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a pumpfor feeding the fuel thereto, an eccentric for operating said pump, saideccentric being mounted upon a pivoted or swinging arm and a governorforrocking said pivoted arm upon its pivot to vary the throw of theeccentric and thereby the stroke of the pump; substantially asdescribed.

In witness whereof I- hereunto subscribe my name this 7th day ofSeptember, A. D.

WALTER F. TROTTER.

